What are the three types of vaccines available?

Pfizer-BioNtech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson.

What is the difference between the three different vaccines?

Both the Moderna and the Pfizer-BioNTech are mRNA vaccines. Both of these vaccines require two doses. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is a vector vaccine, which causes side effects such as a cold. With this being said, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine requires a single dose. The vaccines vary in effectiveness with the Moderna vaccine at 94% effective after two doses, the Pfizer-BioNTech is 92% effective, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is 66% effective. All three are safe to use according to the FDA.

Are the three vaccines safe?

So far, research shows that all three vaccines are safe.

How long will the vaccine protect me from COVID-19?

While it is too early to know for certain, research shows that the vaccine protects people from COVID-19 for at least 4 months.

Can I get COVID-19 from the vaccine?

Like any vaccine, it is impossible for you to contract COVID-19 from the vaccine. The vaccine gives your immune system a preview of the disease and the ways to fight it off. 

Who does the COVID-19 vaccine protect?

Studies show that all three vaccines protect people from ages 18-85 years old. More research needs to be done for people younger than 18, as well as pregnant women.

What if I am pregnant, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant?

Women who plan on becoming pregnant can receive the vaccine. The FDA allows for women who are pregnant to receive the vaccine despite the lack of research. If you are pregnant, talk to your doctor about receiving the vaccine. If you are breastfeeding, you can receive the vaccine and do not need to stop breastfeeding. 

Once I receive the vaccine, do I need to wear a mask and social distance?

Yes. Research shows that people can transmit COVID-19 through their nose even if they are vaccinated.

 Is the vaccine safe for people with allergies?

People who are allergic to environmental allergens, foods, latex, oral medications, and stinging insects can receive the COVID vaccine safely. However, if you have severe allergic reactions to anaphylaxis or polyethylene (PEG), the CDC recommends against taking the vaccine.

Are there any preemptive measures taken to ensure that I do not have an allergic reaction to the vaccine?

 Immediately following the shot, patients wait 15 minutes (30 minutes for people who have a history of severe allergic reactions) to ensure that they do not have an allergic reaction to the vaccine. 

Will I be able to choose which vaccine to get?

Currently, the supply of COVID-19 vaccine doses are limited, so you are offered whichever vaccine is available.

Do all three vaccines prevent death due to COVID-19?

All three vaccines are 100% effective at preventing hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19.

Will I be mandated to take the COVID vaccine?

At this time, no, there is no government mandate. 

What is Post-COVID Syndrome?

After someone has COVID, some people experience lingering symptoms from the virus. 

What are some of the symptoms for Post-COVID-Syndrome?

Some of the most common symptoms include (but are not limited to) fatigue, difficulty breathing, joint pain, chest pain, brain fog, impaired memory, loss of taste, loss of smell, and sleep issues. 

How long will these symptoms last?

Symptoms can last for at least 6 months or longer. 

What causes these symptoms to linger?

It is unclear why symptoms linger, despite negative tests. Hypotheses range from prolonged inflammatory response to hidden areas of infection. 

Can I experience post-COVID syndrome even if I did not have severe symptoms?

Yes. Patients who experience post-COVID syndrome range from mild symptoms to hospitalization.

If I have COVID-19, what are the chances that I will experience post-COVID syndrome?

This is still widely unknown. Some studies suggest that 10% of people with COVID develop post-COVID syndrome, while others suggest that it is as high as 70%.

Which demographics are at the highest risk of developing post-COVID syndrome?

Adults over the age of 50, people who experience a severe case, individuals with underlying health conditions (such as cardiopulmonary issues, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity).

What can I do if I am experiencing post-COVID syndrome?

Call your doctor. If you are experiencing mild symptoms, your doctor can help. If you are experiencing more severe symptoms, your doctor will refer you to a specialist. 

What are the different kinds of specialist geared to help me combat post-COVID syndrome?

The specialists include (but are not limited to) cardiology, pulmonologist, gastroenterology, hematology, nephrology, neurology, endocrinology, psychiatry, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and primary care. 

Understanding the COVID-19 Vaccination Situation in the United States

With the Covid-19 pandemic now coming close to one full year of prominence and surging once again most eyes in the United States have begun to focus on the vaccination rollout soon to be taking place across the country in the hopes of seeing the end of the virus come soon. However, with an unprecedented turnaround for this vaccination and two different versions being released, misinformation and confusion are running rampant. This article will serve as your guide in understanding what the situation really is.

The Two Vaccines for COVID-19:

The first vaccine to meet the FDA’s requirements in order to be released to the public was Pfizer’s which is a pharmaceutical giant. Following that, Moderna, a biotech company that had never released a vaccine to the public, also passed testing with their vaccine and was granted emergency permission for it to be released for use on the general public with backing from the Center for Disease Control. Both vaccines use Messenger RNA (mRNA) to mimic the spikes found on the Coronavirus which when introduced to the immune system leads to antibodies for the Coronavirus. Once the antibodies have developed, the body is prepared for contact with the full virus and able to successfully fight it off. The differences between the two structurally lie in the lipid (fat) systems used to deliver the mRNA into the body. These differences are relatively minor and do not seem to have any tangible difference in efficacy as both vaccines were about 95% effective in trials across gender, age, ethnic, and racial demographics. Both vaccines are also administered across two doses.

The biggest difference between the vaccines is in their storage temperature. Pfizer’s vaccine must be stored at extremely cold temperatures and lose effectiveness five days after refrigeration. This has created logistic difficulties for transportation and storage, especially in areas of the country without comprehensive infrastructure built to accommodate those needs, or that are more difficult to reach from distribution centers. Moderna’s vaccine is able to be stored at -20 degrees celsius as opposed to Pfizer’s -75 degree needs, as well as lasting up to 30 days after refrigeration. This makes it significantly easier for storage and transportation which is why Moderna’s has received more support from the FDA and CDC. Both vaccines have been deemed safe with good safety profiles in clinical tests. Symptoms can develop after taking the vaccine such as fevers, swollen lymph nodes, pain at the injection site, fatigue, and chills. However, serious non-fatal symptoms were rare and did not meet the FDA levels needed to prevent emergency authorization.

Distribution of the Vaccine

The United States has acquired the rights to millions of vaccinations from both companies but has highly favored Moderna’s after its approval due to its advantages in storage and transportation. This is reflected in the greater than 3,000 sites set to receive the Moderna vaccine one day after approval as opposed to Pfizer’s 636. Currently, two hundred million vaccines have been purchased from Moderna by the United States with vaccines having been in production since testing and shipment already taking place. Following the distribution, states and local levels will determine the order in which vaccines are delivered, although it is expected for nearly all to follow federal level priority guidelines which place essential workers such as nurses and doctors at the front followed by the most at-risk individuals.